The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.